See cecha on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "quality",
"word": "cecha"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "cycha"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "gmh:zeichen<ety:inh<goh:zeihhan>>",
"etydate": "1441",
"id": "sign",
"text": "*",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deyḱ-\nProto-Germanic *taikijaną\nProto-Germanic *taikną\nProto-West Germanic *taikn\nOld High German zeihhan\nMiddle High German zeichenbor.\nOld Polish cecha\nBorrowed from Middle High German zeichen, from Old High German zeihhan. First attested in 1441.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deyḱ-\nProto-Germanic *taikijaną\nProto-Germanic *taikną\nProto-West Germanic *taikn\nOld High German zeihhan\nMiddle High German zeichenbor.\nOld Polish cecha\nBorrowed from Middle High German zeichen, from Old High German zeihhan. First attested in 1441.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cecha f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 27 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "cechować"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1441], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 268:",
"text": "Czechy signa",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"token; stamp (sign or marked object serving as evidence of a specific right or fulfillment of an obligation)"
],
"id": "en-cecha-zlw-opl-noun-jY1RnQkd",
"links": [
[
"token",
"token"
],
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛ(ː)xa/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛxa/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲexa/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cecha"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "cover, bag",
"word": "cecha"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ceszka"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "gmh:zieche",
"etydate": "1479",
"id": "cover",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek θήκη (thḗkē)bor.\nLatin thēcabor.\nProto-West Germanic *tēkā\nOld High German ziehha\nMiddle High German ziechebor.\nOld Polish cecha\nBorrowed from Middle High German zieche. First attested in 1479.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek θήκη (thḗkē)bor.\nLatin thēcabor.\nProto-West Germanic *tēkā\nOld High German ziehha\nMiddle High German ziechebor.\nOld Polish cecha\nBorrowed from Middle High German zieche. First attested in 1479.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cyszka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "cycha",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "cyszka"
},
"expansion": "cecha f (diminutive cyszka)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1898-2024 [1479], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 50:",
"text": "Czecha von czwelich",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bedding cover; sheet"
],
"id": "en-cecha-zlw-opl-noun-zuIuybo8",
"links": [
[
"bedding",
"bedding"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"sheet",
"sheet"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛxa/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛxa/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cecha"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "guild"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See cech.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cecha f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "cech"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of cech"
],
"id": "en-cecha-zlw-opl-noun-w-iI0V~e",
"links": [
[
"cech",
"cech#Old_Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛxa/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛxa/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cecha"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cecha dominująca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cecha dystynktywna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cecha legalizacyjna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cecha logarytmu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "drugorzędowe cechy płciowe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "pierwszorzędowe cechy płciowe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trzeciorzędowe cechy płciowe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "cechować"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:cecha<id:sign><t:token, stamp>",
"id": "quality",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deyḱ-\nProto-Germanic *taikijaną\nProto-Germanic *taikną\nProto-West Germanic *taikn\nOld High German zeihhan\nMiddle High German zeichenbor.\nOld Polish cecha\nPolish cecha\nInherited from Old Polish cecha (“token, stamp”).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cych",
"3": "token"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cych and token",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deyḱ-\nProto-Germanic *taikijaną\nProto-Germanic *taikną\nProto-West Germanic *taikn\nOld High German zeihhan\nMiddle High German zeichenbor.\nOld Polish cecha\nPolish cecha\nInherited from Old Polish cecha (“token, stamp”). Doublet of cych and token.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cesze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cesze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cecho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cycha",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "czecha",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "czycha",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cecha f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ce‧cha"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ce‧cha"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cechownia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cechownica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cechownik"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"feature, quality, trait"
],
"id": "en-cecha-pl-noun-INTw989c",
"links": [
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"trait",
"trait"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "właściwość"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"certification mark (sign left i.e. by a company on an object)"
],
"id": "en-cecha-pl-noun-FXaPVcDc",
"links": [
[
"certification",
"certification"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "pl:Philosophy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 1 2 1 11 6 5 11 20 1 18 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 20 6 5 12 9 1 20 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 17 8 7 14 10 1 20 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 23 9 9 11 6 2 11 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 1 23 8 5 13 7 1 15 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 1 22 11 4 9 7 1 17 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "pl:Bedding",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"quality (inseperable part of something)"
],
"id": "en-cecha-pl-noun-sTblFDJr",
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) quality (inseperable part of something)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cartography",
"orig": "pl:Cartography",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mark (marking the location of a point above sea level on a map)"
],
"id": "en-cecha-pl-noun-kAwZW~hL",
"links": [
[
"cartography",
"cartography"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cartography) mark (marking the location of a point above sea level on a map)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"cartography",
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 3 3 4 1 14 5 22 10 7 1 14 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 16 5 22 10 7 1 16 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marker; stamp (hammer with a stamp on the head used for marking trees; any tool used for marking something)"
],
"id": "en-cecha-pl-noun-DhecvSK-",
"links": [
[
"marker",
"marker"
],
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cechówka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "pl:Mathematics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 1 2 1 11 6 5 11 20 1 18 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 20 6 5 12 9 1 20 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 17 8 7 14 10 1 20 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"floor, entier"
],
"id": "en-cecha-pl-noun-x2fAgxoK",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"floor",
"floor"
],
[
"entier",
"entier"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) floor, entier"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "podłoga"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 3 1 2 1 11 6 5 11 20 1 18 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"character (traits assigned to a personality)"
],
"id": "en-cecha-pl-noun-GTILb1s3",
"links": [
[
"character",
"character"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) character (traits assigned to a personality)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "charakter"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"sign, mark"
],
"id": "en-cecha-pl-noun-WNC3teCx",
"links": [
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) sign, mark"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "piętno"
},
{
"word": "znak"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 3 1 2 1 11 6 5 11 20 1 18 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 1 1 1 12 6 6 15 13 1 22 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 20 6 5 12 9 1 20 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 17 8 7 14 10 1 20 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 16 7 6 12 10 1 22 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"guild notice (sign that was used to send notice of the date of collection of the guild)"
],
"id": "en-cecha-pl-noun-11rwEF0v",
"links": [
[
"guild",
"guild"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) guild notice (sign that was used to send notice of the date of collection of the guild)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɛ.xa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɛ.xa/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡se.xa/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛxa"
},
{
"homophone": "Cecha"
}
],
"word": "cecha"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:cecha<id:cover><t:cover>",
"id": "cover",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek θήκη (thḗkē)bor.\nLatin thēcabor.\nProto-West Germanic *tēkā\nOld High German ziehha\nMiddle High German ziechebor.\nOld Polish cecha\nPolish cecha\nInherited from Old Polish cecha (“cover”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek θήκη (thḗkē)bor.\nLatin thēcabor.\nProto-West Germanic *tēkā\nOld High German ziehha\nMiddle High German ziechebor.\nOld Polish cecha\nPolish cecha\nInherited from Old Polish cecha (“cover”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cesze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cesze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cecho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cycha",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cecha f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ce‧cha"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ce‧cha"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 1 2 0 9 4 3 9 7 0 15 41 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 1 2 1 11 6 5 11 20 1 18 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 20 6 5 12 9 1 20 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 17 8 7 14 10 1 20 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"duvet cover; pillowcase"
],
"id": "en-cecha-pl-noun-Obn08jDO",
"links": [
[
"duvet",
"duvet"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"pillowcase",
"pillowcase"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) duvet cover; pillowcase"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"large webbed bag"
],
"id": "en-cecha-pl-noun-19BM~laE",
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"webbed",
"webbed"
],
[
"bag",
"bag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) large webbed bag"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɛ.xa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɛ.xa/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛxa"
}
],
"word": "cecha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms borrowed from Middle High German",
"Old Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Old Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *deyḱ-",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"pl:Bedding",
"zlw-opl:Bedding"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "cechować"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "quality",
"word": "cecha"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "cycha"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "gmh:zeichen<ety:inh<goh:zeihhan>>",
"etydate": "1441",
"id": "sign",
"text": "*",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deyḱ-\nProto-Germanic *taikijaną\nProto-Germanic *taikną\nProto-West Germanic *taikn\nOld High German zeihhan\nMiddle High German zeichenbor.\nOld Polish cecha\nBorrowed from Middle High German zeichen, from Old High German zeihhan. First attested in 1441.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deyḱ-\nProto-Germanic *taikijaną\nProto-Germanic *taikną\nProto-West Germanic *taikn\nOld High German zeihhan\nMiddle High German zeichenbor.\nOld Polish cecha\nBorrowed from Middle High German zeichen, from Old High German zeihhan. First attested in 1441.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cecha f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1441], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 268:",
"text": "Czechy signa",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"token; stamp (sign or marked object serving as evidence of a specific right or fulfillment of an obligation)"
],
"links": [
[
"token",
"token"
],
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛ(ː)xa/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛxa/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲexa/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cecha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms borrowed from Middle High German",
"Old Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Old Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Old Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Old Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"pl:Bedding",
"zlw-opl:Bedding"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "cover, bag",
"word": "cecha"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ceszka"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "gmh:zieche",
"etydate": "1479",
"id": "cover",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek θήκη (thḗkē)bor.\nLatin thēcabor.\nProto-West Germanic *tēkā\nOld High German ziehha\nMiddle High German ziechebor.\nOld Polish cecha\nBorrowed from Middle High German zieche. First attested in 1479.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek θήκη (thḗkē)bor.\nLatin thēcabor.\nProto-West Germanic *tēkā\nOld High German ziehha\nMiddle High German ziechebor.\nOld Polish cecha\nBorrowed from Middle High German zieche. First attested in 1479.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cyszka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "cycha",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "cyszka"
},
"expansion": "cecha f (diminutive cyszka)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1898-2024 [1479], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 50:",
"text": "Czecha von czwelich",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bedding cover; sheet"
],
"links": [
[
"bedding",
"bedding"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"sheet",
"sheet"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛxa/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛxa/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cecha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"pl:Bedding",
"zlw-opl:Bedding"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "guild"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See cech.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cecha f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "cech"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of cech"
],
"links": [
[
"cech",
"cech#Old_Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛxa/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛxa/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cecha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *deyḱ-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛxa",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛxa/2 syllables",
"pl:Bedding"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cecha dominująca"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cecha dystynktywna"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cecha legalizacyjna"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cecha logarytmu"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "drugorzędowe cechy płciowe"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "pierwszorzędowe cechy płciowe"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trzeciorzędowe cechy płciowe"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "cechować"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:cecha<id:sign><t:token, stamp>",
"id": "quality",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deyḱ-\nProto-Germanic *taikijaną\nProto-Germanic *taikną\nProto-West Germanic *taikn\nOld High German zeihhan\nMiddle High German zeichenbor.\nOld Polish cecha\nPolish cecha\nInherited from Old Polish cecha (“token, stamp”).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cych",
"3": "token"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cych and token",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deyḱ-\nProto-Germanic *taikijaną\nProto-Germanic *taikną\nProto-West Germanic *taikn\nOld High German zeihhan\nMiddle High German zeichenbor.\nOld Polish cecha\nPolish cecha\nInherited from Old Polish cecha (“token, stamp”). Doublet of cych and token.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cesze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cesze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cecho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cycha",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "czecha",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "czycha",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cecha f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ce‧cha"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ce‧cha"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cechownia"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cechownica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cechownik"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"feature, quality, trait"
],
"links": [
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"trait",
"trait"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "właściwość"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"certification mark (sign left i.e. by a company on an object)"
],
"links": [
[
"certification",
"certification"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Philosophy"
],
"glosses": [
"quality (inseperable part of something)"
],
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) quality (inseperable part of something)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Cartography"
],
"glosses": [
"mark (marking the location of a point above sea level on a map)"
],
"links": [
[
"cartography",
"cartography"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cartography) mark (marking the location of a point above sea level on a map)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"cartography",
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"marker; stamp (hammer with a stamp on the head used for marking trees; any tool used for marking something)"
],
"links": [
[
"marker",
"marker"
],
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cechówka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"floor, entier"
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"floor",
"floor"
],
[
"entier",
"entier"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) floor, entier"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "podłoga"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"character (traits assigned to a personality)"
],
"links": [
[
"character",
"character"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) character (traits assigned to a personality)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "charakter"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"sign, mark"
],
"links": [
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) sign, mark"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "piętno"
},
{
"word": "znak"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"guild notice (sign that was used to send notice of the date of collection of the guild)"
],
"links": [
[
"guild",
"guild"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) guild notice (sign that was used to send notice of the date of collection of the guild)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɛ.xa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɛ.xa/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡se.xa/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛxa"
},
{
"homophone": "Cecha"
}
],
"word": "cecha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛxa",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛxa/2 syllables",
"pl:Bedding"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:cecha<id:cover><t:cover>",
"id": "cover",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek θήκη (thḗkē)bor.\nLatin thēcabor.\nProto-West Germanic *tēkā\nOld High German ziehha\nMiddle High German ziechebor.\nOld Polish cecha\nPolish cecha\nInherited from Old Polish cecha (“cover”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek θήκη (thḗkē)bor.\nLatin thēcabor.\nProto-West Germanic *tēkā\nOld High German ziehha\nMiddle High German ziechebor.\nOld Polish cecha\nPolish cecha\nInherited from Old Polish cecha (“cover”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cesze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cechą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cesze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cechach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cecho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cechy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cycha",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cecha f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ce‧cha"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ce‧cha"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"duvet cover; pillowcase"
],
"links": [
[
"duvet",
"duvet"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"pillowcase",
"pillowcase"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) duvet cover; pillowcase"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"large webbed bag"
],
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"webbed",
"webbed"
],
[
"bag",
"bag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) large webbed bag"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɛ.xa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɛ.xa/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛxa"
}
],
"word": "cecha"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cecha meaning in All languages combined (17.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.